Relatives of patients with severe brain injury: Growth curve analysis of anxiety and depression the first year after injury
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Relatives of patients with severe brain injury : Growth curve analysis of anxiety and depression the first year after injury. / Norup, Anne; Petersen, Janne; Lykke Mortensen, Erik.
In: Brain Injury, Vol. 29, No. 7-8, 2015, p. 822-829.Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Relatives of patients with severe brain injury
T2 - Growth curve analysis of anxiety and depression the first year after injury
AU - Norup, Anne
AU - Petersen, Janne
AU - Lykke Mortensen, Erik
PY - 2015
Y1 - 2015
N2 - PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: To investigate trajectories and predictors of trajectories of anxiety and depression in relatives of patients with a severe brain injury during the first year after injury.RESEARCH DESIGN: A prospective longitudinal study with four repeated measurements.SUBJECTS: Ninety relatives of patients with severe brain injury.METHODS: The relatives were assessed on the anxiety and depression scales from the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised and latent variable growth curve models were used to model the trajectories. The effects of patient's age, patient's Glasgow Coma Score, level of function and consciousness, gender and relationship of the relatives were modelled.RESULTS: Improvement was found in both symptoms of anxiety and depression during the 12-month study period. The analysis revealed different trajectories for symptoms of anxiety and depression, as anxiety had a more rapid improvement. Higher initial level of symptoms of depression was seen in female relatives. Higher initial level of anxiety was associated with younger patient age, lower level of function and consciousness in the patient and the relative being female or the spouse.CONCLUSION: Future research and interventions should focus not only on specific deficits in the patient, but also on how the emotional state and well-being of the relatives evolve, while trying to adjust and cope with a new life-situation.
AB - PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: To investigate trajectories and predictors of trajectories of anxiety and depression in relatives of patients with a severe brain injury during the first year after injury.RESEARCH DESIGN: A prospective longitudinal study with four repeated measurements.SUBJECTS: Ninety relatives of patients with severe brain injury.METHODS: The relatives were assessed on the anxiety and depression scales from the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised and latent variable growth curve models were used to model the trajectories. The effects of patient's age, patient's Glasgow Coma Score, level of function and consciousness, gender and relationship of the relatives were modelled.RESULTS: Improvement was found in both symptoms of anxiety and depression during the 12-month study period. The analysis revealed different trajectories for symptoms of anxiety and depression, as anxiety had a more rapid improvement. Higher initial level of symptoms of depression was seen in female relatives. Higher initial level of anxiety was associated with younger patient age, lower level of function and consciousness in the patient and the relative being female or the spouse.CONCLUSION: Future research and interventions should focus not only on specific deficits in the patient, but also on how the emotional state and well-being of the relatives evolve, while trying to adjust and cope with a new life-situation.
KW - Adaptation, Psychological
KW - Adolescent
KW - Adult
KW - Anxiety
KW - Brain Injuries
KW - Depression
KW - Emotions
KW - Family
KW - Female
KW - Humans
KW - Longitudinal Studies
KW - Male
KW - Middle Aged
KW - Prospective Studies
KW - Quality of Life
KW - Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
KW - Stress, Psychological
KW - Time Factors
U2 - 10.3109/02699052.2015.1016451
DO - 10.3109/02699052.2015.1016451
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 25962925
VL - 29
SP - 822
EP - 829
JO - Brain Injury
JF - Brain Injury
SN - 0269-9052
IS - 7-8
ER -
ID: 162717231